Veliky Novgorod serves as the capital of the Novgorod state. Founded in 859 AD, it is one of the oldest cities in Russia and a renowned historical city in Northwest Russia. The city spans both banks of the Volkhov River and is located approximately 6 kilometers from Lake Ilmen to the south. It functions as a vital hub for land and water transportation. The population of Veliky Novgorod is around 220,000 residents. Historical records indicate its establishment dates to 859 AD. The local industry primarily focuses on manufacturing electrical instruments, fertilizers, fiberglass, wood processing, and food processing. Additionally, there are two colleges and universities within the city limits.